नयाँ सार्वजनिक व्यवस्थापन

${"authorname":"default_author","author":"सुनिल आचार्य", "thumbnailLabel":"Jyoti Bikas Bank"}$

सुनील आचार्य

!= gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf] cjwf/0ff M

cy{tGqdf
ljZjJofkLs/0f, ljZjdf nf]stGqsf] nx/df j[l4, /fHosf] :jljj]sLo clwsf/df
;Lldttf, /fHo4f/f pknJw u/fOg] ;]jfx?sf] y}nf]nfO{ k[ys k[ys efudf ljefhg,
ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / ahf/ Joj:yfkg l;4fGtsf] a9bf] e”ldsf k|s6 x’g yfNof] .
o;n] ubf{ ;/sf/n] cfkmgf] IfdtfnfO{ Vofn u/L cToGt s’zn ?kdf v]Ng ;Sg]
e”ldsf v6′[ofpg] / cfkmgf] Ifdtf a[l4 tkm{ pGd’v eO{ ;a} s’/f cfkm}n] dfq
u5′{ eGg] cx+sf/L ;f]rsf] ;66fdf ;xh lgodgstf{sf] e”ldsf v]Ng’ kb{5 eGg]
;f]rfO{sf] ljsf; eof] . jt{dfg ljZj kl/l:ylt cfhsf] krf; jif{ eGbf cl3sf] l:ylt
eGbf ljNs’n leGg 5 . xfn lghL If]q km:6fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

ljleGg :yfgLo lgsfo /
u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? ;]jf If]qdf ;an x’Fb} cfPsf 5g . ;/sf/sf] sfo{If]qsf]
cjwf/0ffdf ljZjJofkL kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L If]qsf] Psflwsf/sf] 7fpF
lghLs/0f / :jtGq ahf/ Joj:yfn] lng yfn]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L lgsfon] /fli6«o ljsf;sf]
gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{ / To;sf] sfof{GjognfO{ cg’udg ug]{ sfo{df ;Lldt /fvL
cy{tGqnfO{ a9L ahf/d’vL agfO{ o; If]qdf cfkmgf] lgoGq0f v’s’nf] kfb{} hfg’kb{5
eGg] wf/0ff ;j{JofkL xF’b} cfPsf] 5 . ;g !(^) lt/ ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;/sf/L
gLltx/msf] sfof{Gjogtkm{ dfq s]lGb|t ul/Psf] lyof] . To;a]nf;Dd u}/;/sf/L jf
lghL If]q Psf+sL /mkdf g} lyP .

ltgsf] e”ldsf / dfGotf ;/sf/L jf lghL If]q
sf] t’ngfdf Hofb} Go”g jf uf}0f lyof] . /fhgLltaf6 clt k|efljt sd{rf/LtGq,
/fhgLlt1sf] lk5nUu’ kl/kf6L / /fhgLlt g} ;fj{hlgs gLltdf xfjL ePsf] sf/0faf6
Toltv]/sf] ;fj{hlgs k|zf;g ultxLg, lzlyn / k6of/nfUbf] lyof] . clxn] k|foM
elgg] h:tf] r’:t, b’/m:t, ;an jf tGb’/m:t lyPg . ;Q/Lsf] bzs b]lv kl/jlt{t kl/l:ylt cg’s”n rNg;Sg]
ultzLn Pj+ kl/0ffdd’vL Joj:yfkgsf] vf]hL x’g yfn]sf] xf] . k/Dk/fut /mkdf rNb}
cfPsf] ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgdf b]lvPsf cIfdtfsf] sf/0f g} To;df Jofks ;’wf/sf]
k|of]u eO{ gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfsf] hGDf ePsf] xf] .

;’wf/sf] of] k|s[of oBlk
hf/L g} 5 . ;g !(() sf] bzse/ ljZjdf k|hftGqsf] nx/ km}lnPsf] lyof] . o; s|ddf
d”ntM ljZjJofkLs/0f, cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f, lghLs/0f, a9bf cGt/f{li6«o
k|lt:kwf{ Pj+ lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] If]qdf vf;u/L ;”rgf k|0ffnLdf cfPsf] tLa|
kl/jt{gx?af6 lgl:sPsf gjLg r’gf}ltx/m ;fdgf ug{ k’/fgf] Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL c;Ifd
/ c;kmn ;fljt x’g cfPsf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgdf sd{rf/LnfO{ cf}krfl/s / k|s[of
pGd’v sfo{ljlwaf6 6f9f /fvL nIo adf]lhdsf] kl/0ffd Nofpg ;an / ;Ifd x’g] vfnsf]
nrsbf/ ;+/rgfsf] cfjZos 5 . jf:tjdf eGg] xf] eg] sfo{bIftf, k|efjsfl/tf /
ldtJolotf4f/f gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf] ;an kIf xf] .

ljZjdf clxn] cfP/
;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkg ;’wf/sf] nx/ g} rln/x]sf] 5 . /fHo ;~rfng k|s[ofsf] d’Vo sfo{
;”lr g} ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgdf ;’wf/ x’g k’u]sf] 5 . z’;f;g, ;dfj]zLs/0f,
k|hftfGqLs/0f, nf]stflGqs ;f]rfO,{ Jofj;flostf, ljs]Gb|Ls/0f, ljZjJofkLs/0f,
lghLs/0f / Joj:yfksLo k|aGwh:tf ;d;fdlos zAbfjnLx/mnfO{ gofF ;fj{hlgs
Joj:yfkgsf] ckl/xfo{ sf/s tTj dflgg yflnPsf] 5 . t;y{ gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf]
cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gsf] If]qdf Pp6f gf}nf] k|of]u jf df]8n dfq xf]Og,
k|zf;lgs hutsf] s|flGts} /mkdf cFufNg yflnPsf] 5 .

@= gofF ;fj{hlgs
Joj:yfkgsf] cy{ / kl/efiff

ljåfgx?n] gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgnfO{ ljleGg
gofF gofF gfdaf6 ;Daf]wg ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;df cfhsfn Joj:yfkgafb,
ahf/f]Gd’v ;fj{hlgs k|zf;g, ;/sf/sf] k’gMcfljisf/ / ;/sf/sf] k’gM;+/rgf h:tf
pkgfdx/m lbO{g] ul/Psf] 5 . ljleGg ljåfgx?af6 gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf]
kl/efiff o;k|sf/ ul/Psf] kfO{G5 M–

@=! ls|:6f]km/ kf]ln6 M– sd{rf/LtGqsf] k|fs[lts c;Ifdtfx/mnfO{
kvfNgsf] nflu /fd|f] Joj:yfkgn] Pp6f cfwf/ pknAw u/fpg] 5,h;sf] lgldQ lghL
If]qsf] cg’zf;gnfO{ ;fj{hlgs If]qdf k|j]z u/fpg ;lsG5 . o;af6 /fhg}lts lgoGq0f
;’b[9, ah]6sf] s6f}lt, k]zfut :jfoQtfsf] Go”lgs/0f, ;fj{hlgs ;]jf
;+3x/mnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] / ;dfg k|lt:k4f{Tds Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] x’G5 .

@=@ cfj]g O{ xo’U; M– of] Ps Joj:yfkg tl/sfdf Pp6f ;fdfGo jf ;fgf] kl/j{tg dfq xf]Og, a/m
;dfhdf ;/sf/sf] e”ldsfdf / ;/sf/ tyf gful/s ;dfh aLrsf] ;DaGwdf ;d]t
cfd”n kl/j{tg xf] .

gful/ssf]
;jf]{Qd lxtsf nflu ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf dfldnfx¿sf] ;~rfng ug{‘nfO{ gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkg elgG5 . pknSw ;|f]t
;fwgsf] plrt kl/rfng u/L ;f+u7lgs nIo xfl;n ug{ rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfpg’nfO{ ;d]t
Joj:yfkg eg]/ a’lemG5 . k|zf;g zAb ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf / Joj:yfkg zAb lghL If]qdf
k|rlnt 5 . k|zf;gsf] t’ngfTds cWoogkl5 o;df Jofks ;’wf/sf] vfFrf] b]lvof] . oxL
vfFrf] k”/f ug{ k|zf;gdf lghL If]qsf /fd|f u’0fx¿ c+uLsf/ u/L o;nfO{ gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkg eGg ;’? ul/of] .
cyf{t k/Dk/fut / Ps;”qLo k|zf;g Joj:yfdf lghL If]qsf /fd|f u’0f c+uLsf/
ul/Pkl5 of] gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf
gfdaf6 kl/lrt eof] . oxL kl/jt{g:j¿k ;fj{hlgs If]qdf lghLs/0f, ;]jf s/f/,
sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf, u’0f:t/ k/LIf0f, Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f, ;]jfu|fxLsf u’gf;f
;’g’jfOh:tf ljifon] k|j]z kfP .

#=gofF ;fj{hlgs
Joj:yfkgsf]] sfo{If]q

-s_ of]hgf Joj:yfkg
d’n’ssf] ;jf{ËL0f ljsf;sf nflu pko’Qm of]hgf th{‘df ug]{, hg;xeflutf a9fpg] /
To;sf] k|efjsf/L ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{
;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgn] ub{5 . u|fxfssf] dfucg’;f/sf] gLlt, sfo{qmd th{‘df u/L
u|fxfssf] dfu / cfjZostfsf cfwf/df To;nfO{ ;~rfng ug{‘kb{5 . h;sf nflu
cfjZostfsf cfwf/df gLlt th{‘df / u|fxfssf] dfusf cfwf/df of]hgf th{‘df, 5gf]6 /
sfof{Gjog ug{‘kb{5 .

-v_ hgzlQm
Joj:yfkg gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkg ;~rfng
ug]{ Ps dfq hLjGt / rnfodfg cfwf/ dfgj ;|f]t xf] . k|efjsf/L gLlt th{df b]lv
of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu dxTjk”0f{ kIf lghL If]qdf bIf, of]Uo, ;Lko’Qm
hgzlQm cfjZostf kb{5 . of]Uo, bIf, k|lt:kwL{ hgzlQmn] dfq ;du| Joj:yfkgdf
of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] ePsfn] of]Uotd hgzlQmsf] k|flKt, ljsf;, pkof]u / ;Def/ ug]{
sfo{ gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf nflu
ckl/xfo{ /xG5 .

-u_ ;+u7g Joj:yfkg
M gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg ;+u7gsf] 7″nf] e”ldsf /xG5 . 5l/tf], ljs]G›Ls[t, cfw’lgs
k|ljlwo’Qm ;+u7gn] dfq ck]lIft kl/0ffd lbg ;Qm5 . s]G›Ls[t, clws kb;f]kfgo’Qm,
clwsf/lgolGqt ;+u7gn] plrt k|ltkmn glbPsfn] g} ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf] l;4fGtn]
pko’Qm ;+u7g ;+/rgfdf hf]8 lbPsf] xf] .

-3_ ;]jfsf]
Joj:yfkg /fHosf] pTklt g} gful/ssf] ;]jfsf nflu ePsf] xf] . o:tf ;]jf ;’ljwf
ldtJooL, l56f]–5l/tf] Pj+ k|efjsf/L x’g’kb{5 . lghL If]q;d]tsf /fd|f u’0fx¿
cjnDag u/L ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ ;]jfsf nflu ;Fu;Fu} nfg’kb{5 . gofF ;fj{hlgs
Joj:yfkgn] ;]jfsf] k|efjsfl/tf / ;]jfu|fxLsf] ;Gt’li6df hf]8 lbG5 .

-ª_ ah]6 Joj:yfkg
ah]6sf] ;’lglZrttfljgf ;]jf k|jfx jf ljsf; lgdf{0f s’g} klg k|lqmof cufl8 a9g
;Sb}g . ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgn] ah]6sf] ;d]t Joj:yf ldnfpg’kb{5 . ;|f]tsf] klxrfg,
k|flKt, pkof]u, n]vf+sg / n]vfk/LIf0f;Ddsf sfo{ ah]6 jf ljQ Joj:yfkgcGtu{t
kb{5g .

o;/L ;fj{hlgs
dfldnfsf] ;~rfng ug]{ gofF ;fj{hlgs
Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{If]q Jofks / ultzLn x’g}kb{5 . Go”gtd ;|f]tsf] clwstd
kl/rfng u/L cTo’td glthf xfl;n u/fpg’ Joj:yfkgsf] sf}zn xf] . kl5Nnf] ;do o;
If]qdf cfPsf gjLg ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkg, gofF ;fj{hlgs ;]jf / gofF ;fj{hlgs
k|zf;gsf /fd|f kIfx¿sf] cjnDag ub}{ s’zn Joj:yfkgsf dfWodaf6 ;fwg ;|f]tsf]
k|efjsf/L kl/rfng u/L hglxt sfod ug{‘ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf].

$=gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf] l;4fGt

$=! lghL If]q
Joj:yfkg l;4fGt M lghL If]qsf Joj;flos ls|ofsnfkx/msf] JofVof ug]{ k|oTgsf]
kmn:j?k lghL Joj:yfkgn] pkof]u ug]{ sfo{ljlwx?nfO{ cg’z/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs
If]qdf ;+u7g k|d’vsf] kl/0ffdL rfxgf k|ltljlDjt x’g sl7g x’G5 . ;fwf/0ftM
Joj:yfksnfO{ Joj:yfksLo :jtGqtf lbOof] eg] ;sf/fTds kl/0ffd k|fKt x’G5 eGg
dfGotf eGbf kl/0ffdsf] rfxgf /flvG5 . lghL If]qdf cfsif{s dflgPsf s’/fx? h:t}
Go”g kb;f]kfg Joj:yf, Joj:yfksLo :jtGqtf, Joj:yfksLo lgIf]k0f, /0fgLlts
of]hgf, sfdsf] cfwf/df tna, sfo{;Dkfbgsf] j:t’lgi7 d”Nof+sg / ;f]xL
cfwf/df b08 / k’/:sf/, kl/0ffdd’vL / u|fxsd’vL cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gdf
klg leqofOg’ pQd x’g] b]v]/ g} of] l;4fGt cl3 ;fl/Psf] xf] .

$=@ sf/f]af/ nfut
k|efjsfl/tfsf] l;4fGt M of] Pp6f cy{zf:qLo 5gf}6sf] k”/s l;4fGt xf] .
hlxn] klg ;+j4 lgsfon] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf jf pTkfbg nfut sd x’g’ kb{5 .
;]jfu|fxL;Dd j:t’ jf ;]jf k|jfx ubf{ nfUg] vr{ / To;af6 cfpg] nfe aLrsf] cg’kft
ljZn]if0f ubf{ oyfy{ nfutsf] k|efjsfl/tf lgl:sG5 . Joj:yfkg s’zn ljlw k|of]u
ePdf ;]jfsf] nfut dxFuf] kg{ hfg] 5}g . ;fy} ;]j u’0f:t/ klg /fd|f] x’g’ cfjZos
5 . o:tf] ;]jf lghL If]qaf6 lbOPsf] klg 5 . ;/sf/n] klg lsg To:ff] ug{ ;Qm}g
egL k|Zg p7fpg ;lsG5 . ctM of] Pp6f cfly{s ljj]szLntfsf] dxTjk’0f{ cfofd xf] .
;fj{hlgs If]qsf] ls|ofsnfknfO{ s;/L nfut k|efjL agfpg] eGg] af/]df ;+efJo
/0fgLlts ljsNkx/msf] ljZn]if0f u/L pko’Qm ljsNk 5gf}6 ul/g’ kb{5 . olb ;/sf/n]
cfkmgf] ;+nUgtfdf nfut k|efjsfl/tf lbg ;Qm}g eg] To:tf sfo{x? 5gf}6 ug{
;Sg’kb{5 . tL sfo{x? lghL If]qaf6 ;DkGGf u/L s/f/, k/fdz{, lghLs/0f, 7]Ssf
OToflb sfo{ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 u/fpg ;Sg’kb{5 . ctM gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgn] ;Lldt
>f]t ;fwgsf] a9L k|efjsf/L / s’zntfk”j{s pkof]u u/]/ nlIft kl/0ffddf
k’Ug] hdsf]{ ug'{ kb{5 eGg] o; l;4fGtsf] ds;b /x]sf] 5 .

$=# k|lt:k4f{Tds ahf/
l;4fGt M h;/L lghL If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|lt:k4f{sf] dfWodaf6 u’0f:t/Lo, l56f] /
;’ne ;]jf k|jfxdf nf]slk|o ag]sf] 5, To;} u/L ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gsf Joj:yfkgnfO{
klg v’nf ahf/sf] k|ltikw{fdf pqg lbg’kb{5 eGg] dfGotf o; l;4fGtsf] /x]sf] 5 .
lghL If]qn] cfkmgf] k|lt:k4f{Tds Ifdtf clea[l4 ug{ ;+u7gfTDfs ;+/rgf ;’b[9, sd
d”No , /fd|f] u’0f:t/, gj k|jt{g / lals| k|j4{g h:tf tYox?df ljz]if hf]8
lbPsf] x’G5 . o;sf] nflu sfo{ bIftf clej[l4 / k”0f{ nugzLntf Pj+ lg:jfy{
k|oTg ;+:yfkg kIfn] ug'{ cfjZos x’G5 . olb ;fj{hlgs ls|of / ;]jf k|jfx If]qdf
sfo{s’zntf, pTkfbgzLntf, u’0ffTdstf, ;Ifdtf / ljZjf;lgotf h:tf tTjx/mnfO{
ljz]if Wofg lbO{ ;dli6ut kl/0ffddf k|efjsfl/tf xfl;n x’g ;kmn ePdf ;fj{hlgs
If]qdf ahf/ ;+oGqn] ljZjf; cfh{g ug{ / cl:tTj hf]ufpg ;Qm5 . casf] ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgn]
Psflwsf/ xf]Og ahf/ k/LIf0fnfO{ cfkmgf] 3f]lift p2]Zoleq ;d]6g’ kb{5 eGg]
dfGotf g} of] l;4fGtsf] d’Vo r’/f] xf] .

%= gofF ;fj{hlgs
k|zf;gsf ljz]iftfx?

gofF ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gdf s]xL vf; lsl;dsf
kmfObfx? 5g / ltgnfO{ o;sf ljz]iftfsf] ?kdf lgDg adf]lhd JofVof ug{ ;lsG5 M–

-!_ ;fGble{stfsf] l;4fGt –Relevency
Therory_ a9bf] zx/Ls/0f, kmf]xf]/ j:tL, k|b’lift jftfj/0f, n’6kf6, lx+;f,
>d ;+u7gn] lgDTofPsf ;d:of, x8tfn, k|fljlws ljsf;af6 ;[lht r’gf}tLx?
d”ntM cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] s|flGtsf kl/0ffdx? x’g . oL ;d:ofx?sf] o’lQmo’Qm
;fdgf ug{ k/Dk/fut ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gn] g;Sg] 7x/ e}/x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;fGble{s pkfox?
;’emfpg] l;4fGtsf] ?kdf gofF ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gsf] ljz]iftf b]vfk/]sf] 5 .

-@_ l56f]5l/tf]
;/sf/ –Swift and Lean Government_M o;df 7″nf] cfsf/sf] ax’p2]ZoLo
sd{rf/LtGqnfO{ ;fgf] cfsf/sf] l56f] / 5l/tf] ;/sf/4f/f k|lt:yflkt ul/G5 .
5l/tf] / pQd ;/sf/ gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf] d”n gf/f xf] . ;fj{hlgs
;]jfdf ;ls|otf / k|efjsfl/tfsf] nflu of] hfoh 5 .

-#_ dfGotf k|ltsf]
rf;f] –Normative Concern_ M g}lts kIf / d”No dfGotfdf cfwfl/t
geOsg ;fdflhs Gofo k|fKt x’g ;Sb}g . gofF ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gn] d”No :jtGqtf
jf d”No t6:ytfsf] cjwf/0ffsf] la/f]w ub{5 . o;n] ;dfhdf ;fdflhs ?kdf
pk]lIft ju{ / ;d’bfosf] lxt x]b{5 . t;y{, o; gofF Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|s[ltsf]
cfwf/df gsf/fTds klg 5 eg]/ ;+s]t ul/G5 .

-$_ cfd’n kl/jt{gsf/L –Paradigm
Shifting_ M o;df s’g} klg ;’wf/ k|s[of ;+/rgf, sfo{ k4lt, dfgjLo kIf,
;]jfu|fxLsf] rfxgf / d’n’ssf] /fhgLlts cfly{s If]qdf Ps} ;fy ;’wf/ ug'{kb{5
eGg] l;4fGtdf cl8Psf] 5 . ljutsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+:s[ltdf cfd”n kl/jt{g u/L
;/sf/L e”ldsf g} k’gM ;+/rgf ul/g’ kb{5 eGg] ljz]iftf o;af6 emlNsG5 .

-%_ pknlJw /
kl/0ffdd’vL –Output and Outcom Focoused+_ M of] Ps To:tf]
Joj:yfksLo k|0ffnL xf], h;n] pknlJw / To;sf] kl/0ffdnfO{ a9L hf]8 lbG5 . o;
Joj:yfkgn] ;fwg tyf k|s[ofnfO{ dxTj lbb}g, a? k|fKt x’g] kl/0ffdnfO{ ;fWosf]
?kdf u|x0f ub{5 .

-^_ ;fdflhs ;dGofo
-+Social
Equity_ M ;fdflhs ;dGofosf] l;4fGtn] lk5l8Psf / ljkGg ju{nfO{ dfly p7fpg hf]8
lbPsf] x’G5 . o;df u/La, c;xfo, zf]lift, lkl8t / zlQmxLg ;d’bfo jf ju{sf]
pTyfgsf] nflu 7f]; sfo{s|d dfkm{t ;’ljwfsf] kx’Fr;Dd k’¥ofpg] nIo cl3 ;fl/Psf]
x’G5 .

-&_ ahf/ ;+oGq
dfly k|fyldstf –Priority to Market Mechanism_ M o;df gofF+
Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLdf ;fj{hlgs If]qn] cfkmgf ls|ofsnfknfO{ ahf/ pGd’v cy{tGq;+u
cfj4 ug'{kg]{ x’G5 . o; cg’;f/ cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f, lghLs/0f, ljZjJofkLs/0f, 7]Ssf
k6[f / s/f/Lo ;]jfnfO{ ahf/ ;+oGq;+u cfj4 u/L ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfx ul/Psf] 5 .

-*_ u|fxsd’vL
Joj:yfkg –Client Oriented Management_ M ;dfhdf abln+bf]
o’u cg’s”n kl/jt{g Nofpgsf] nflu gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf] dfWodaf6 hgd’vL
-h;nfO{ u|fxsd’vL klg eGg ;lsG5_ k|zf;gsf] kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] 5 . gful/sx?nfO{ sxf+F,
s:tf] / s] ;]jf cfjZos kb{5 < pgLx?sf] jf:tljs rfxgf s] xf]< ;f] a’em]/
dfq ;]jf k|jfx ul/g’ cfjZos x’G5 . To;sf] nflu ;sf/fTds ;f]r ePsf, ;xof]uL Pj+
pBdzLn ljrf/sf hgk|zf;sx?sf] vfF+rf] kb{5 . cfk”mnfO{ hg;]js xf]Og, zf;s
7fGg] 7fn’ ju{sf] g]t[Tj lnPsf] JolQmaf6 Tof] ;+ej gx’g] x’+Fbf hgtfk|lt
;dlk{t, cg’ejL k|zf;sx? lgdf{0f ug'{ o;sf] ljz]iftf leq kg]{ s’/f xf] .

gofF+ ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgn] ;d]6]sf k|d’v
ljifox?

-s_ cfly{s ;xof]u
tyf ljsf;sf] nflu ;+u7g –OECD_ sf cg’;f/ M– -!_ dfgj
;+;fwgsf] ;’wf/ M– ;fj{hlgs
If]qdf dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ;DjGwdf cfjZos ;’wf/x? ug]{ / sfdsf] cfwf/df kfl/>lds
tf]Sg] sfo{ o;df kb{5 .

-@_ lg0f{o k|s[ofdf
;xeflutf – ;fj{hlgs
If]q4f/f ;+u7gfTds lg0f{o ug]{ k|s[ofdf ;Da4 sd{rf/Lsf] ;xeflutf oyf;+ej ;dfj]z
x’g’kg]{ ljifo o; cGtu{t kb{5 .

-#_ lgoGq0fnfO{ v’s’nf] agfpg] M– ;/sf/L lgoGq0f k|0ffnLnfO{ v’s’nf] agfO{ pkef]Qmfsf] ljj]sk”0f{
5gf}6nfO{ k|fylds lbOg’ kg]{ 5 .

-$_ ;”rgf
k|ljlwsf] k|of]u M– gof+
;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;”rgf k|ljlwsf]
k”0f{ pkef]u ul/g] 5 .

-%_ u|fxsd’vL ;]jf
M– u|fxsx?sf] cfjZostf / dfu jdf]lhd cfjZos
;]jf k|jfx ug'{ / To;sf] k|efjsfl/tfdf Wofg lbg’ kg]{ 5 .

-^_ k|of]ustf{ z’Ns
M– ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] ;+u7gfTds ls|ofsnfkx?nfO{
lbuf] ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ ;]jf k|of]ustf{x?jf6 z’Ns k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

-&_ ;]jf s/f/df
lbg] M– ;fj{hlgs
If]qsf] If]qflwsf/df kg]{ ;+ej sfo{x?nfO{ lghL If]q tkm{ ;]jf s/f/df nufp+bf
;/sf/ / lghL If]q aLr ;xsfo{ j9g hfg] 5 .

-*_ Psflwsf/sf]
cGTo M– gof+
;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf] k|of]ujf6 ;fj{hlgs If]qdf cg’Tkfbs ;/sf/L jf]njfnf /
Psflwsf/sf] cGTo eO{ ahf/ cy{tGqsf] ljsf;df dxTjk”0f{ of]ubfg k’u]sf] 5 .

s= ;an kIfx? M– -!_ s’g}klg
k|zf;g ;+rfng ubf{ ;fdflhs GofonfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbOg’ cfjZos 5 . ;dfhdf ;DkGg
ju{nfO{ dfq x}g ;fwg ;|f]tdf kx’+Fr gePsf ljkGg ;d’bfonfO{ ;d]t ;d]6]/ lg0f{o
ug'{kg]{ kIfnfO{ gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgn] /fd|/L klxrfg u/]sf] 5 .

-@_ of] cjwf/0ff
cg’;f/ ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;’wf/ k|s[ofn] ;/sf/sf] jf:tljs e’ldsfdf ;xof]uL /
;xhstf{sf] ?kdf /xg] u/L ;f] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;xof]u k’–ofPsf] 5 . ;fy} lgIf]k0f / lghLs/0fdf hf]8 lbO{ gful/s ;dfhsf]
e”ldsfdf a[l4 u/]sf] 5 .

-#_ k|zf;sn] t6:y a:g] s’/fdf eGbf ljkGg ju{sf
nflu ljz]if sfo{s|d nfu” u/]/ pgLx?sf] :t/ dfly p7fpg’ kb{5 eGg]
dfGotfnfO{ o;sf] ;an kIfsf] ?kdf u|x0f ul/Psf] 5 .

-$_ k|zf;gdf
d”No, dfGotf / g}ltstfnfO{ pk]Iff ug{ gx’g], a[xt ;fdflhs Gofo / dfgjlxt,
ljslGb] |t zf;g / kl/jt{g Pj+ gofF kg g} o;sf u’0f kIfx? x’g .

-%_ o;n] 36gfs|d cWoog -Case study_ nfO{
k|fyldstf lbg] / ;+s6sf] a]nfdf k|zf;snfO{ sfd ug{ pTk]|l/t ug]{ x’+Fbf o;nfO{
;fdflhs ;d:of lg/fs/0f tkm{ pGd’v cfw’lgs l;4fGt elgPsf] 5 .

-^_ of] l;4fGt ;/n, ;do ;’xfpFbf] / Jojxfl/s
ePsf]n] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;lhnf] x’g] b]lvG5 .

-&_ u}/ ;/sf/L If]q;+u ;xsfo{, sfo{ ;Dkfbg
k|ltj]bg, Ps4f/ gLlt h:tf dfWodaf6 ;/sf/L ;+oGqnfO{ sd vlr{nf] agfpg o;n]
e/k”/ d2t u/]sf] 5 .

v= b’a{n kIfx? M– -!_ of]
cfkmgf] 5’6[} l;4fGt gePsf], k/Dk/fut Joj:yfkgsf] ;’wf/ dfq ul/Psf] / lghL
If]qsf] Joj:yfkgaf6 ;fk6L lnOPsf] tyf sfof{Gjog ug{ cndn kg]{ l;4fGtsf] ?kdf
cfnf]lrt 5 .

-@_ zf;g Joj:yf ;+rfngsf] nflu /fhg}lts
k2ltsf] dxTjk”0f{ :yfg /xg] / /fhgLlt / k|zf;g aLr /x]sf] gª df;’sf]
;DaGwnfO{ o;n] 5’6[fpg] k|oTg ug]{ xF’+bf] dfgjLo d”No dfGotftkm{ hlt hf]8
lbOPklg o;sf] Tof] kIf sdhf]/ /x]sf] dflgG5 .

-#_ o;n] Oltxf;df
7″nf] of]ubfg lbb} cfPsf] k|zf;g ;DaGwL k/Dk/fut dfGotfnfO{ k’/} c:jLsf/
ub{5 . t/ cfsf+Iff / Jojxf/df Tof] ;Dej xF’b}g .

-$_ k|zf;gdf pRr k|ljlwsf] k|of]u, DofS;
j]j/sf] kb;f]kfg, tf]lsPsf] ju{sf] dfq lxt / d”No dfGotfdf hf]8h:tf s’/fx?
o;sf cJojxfl/s kIf x’g .

-%_ hgpQ/bfloTj / ;dfgtfsf] :ki6tf o;af6
kfO{+b}g . /fHosf] e”ldsf slt 36fpg] eGg] s’g} dfkb08 5}g . ahf/ l;4fGtdf
cToflws hf]8 lbO{+bf ;/sf/sf] e”ldsf gfKg ;lsb}g, ldNb}g .

-^_ of] l;4fGt k|zf;gsf] k|fyldstf, sfo{k2lt,
ljsf; k|zf;g / ljsl;t Pj+ ljsf;f]Gd’v d’n’ssf] ljBdfg cj:yf k|lt k”0f{tM
:ki6 b[li6sf]0f k|:t’t ug{ c;Ifd b]lvG5 .

*= g]kfndf gofF
;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf] k|of]u e”d08nLs/0fsf] jt{dfg ljZjdf ljsl;t klZrdf
/fi6«x?df cfPsf] x/]s ;’wf/ / hfu/0fsf] k|efj g]kfndf klg cjZo kg]{ u/]sf] 5 .
t/ kl/j{ltt cjwf/0ffnfO{ Jojxf/df k”0f{tM c+lusf/ ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g .
xfdLsxfF x/]s If]qdf ;/sf/L ;+nUgtf oyfjt /x]sf] 5 . h:fsf] sf/0faf6 ;/sf/L
;+u7gx? cgfjZos ?kdf af]lemnf] / ef/o’Qm ePsf 5g . vf; u/L /fli6«o ljsf;sf
;Dk”0f{ sfo{x? ;/sf/n] dfq ;DkGg ug'{ kb{5 eg] ;f]rfO{n] ubf{ oxfF gofF
;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf cfofdx? ;’:t ultdf kl/rflnt 5g . o;af6 /fli6«o hghLjgsf]
ljleGg If]qdf ;/sf/L lgoGq0f sfod} b]lvG5 . ljsf;sf ljljw If]qdf ;fj{hlgs
If]qsf] Psflwsf/ oyfjt g} 5 . ;/sf/L lgsfodf hjfkmb]lxtfsf] efjgf ck]lIft ?kdf
ljsl;t x’g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fgf eGbf ;fgf lgdf{0f sfo{ b]lv a[xt kl/of]hgf ;Dd,
pkef]Uo ;fdfgsf] cfk”lt{ b]lv d”No lgwf{/0f ;Dd ;/sf/L x:tIf]k /xgfn]
;/sf/L ;+oGqdf cgfjZos ef/ a9g uPsf] 5 . h;af6 cgfjZos ?kdf ;/sf/L bfloTj klg
a9g uPsf] 5 .

(= lg:sif{ M
;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf] If]qdf ljZj
hutn] k’gMcfsf/ ln+b} 5 . o;sf gofF cleoGtfx? cGt/f{li6«o kl/b[iodf pbo ePsf
5g . of] cj:yfn] zf;sLo lhDdf kfPsfx?;+u gofF, lta| / ultzLn sfo{ k|0ffnLsf]
dfu ub{5 . of] cToGt gofF jf:tljstfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub{} /fHok|ltsf] cjwf/0ffdf
k’gM ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . ;fy} Ifdtfx?sf] / sfo{x?sf] k’gMkl/efiff ug'{kg]{
ePsf] 5 . t/ xf]l;of/L s] s’/fdf /fVg’ kb{5 eg] c;fGwl{e{s If]qx? o;df ;dfj]z
x’g’xF’b}g . ljutdf xfd|f pRrtd k|fyldstfx? cfGtl/s rfxgf / k|zf;lgs
sfo{of]hgf;+u ;DalGwt lyP . olb xfdLn] cj;/sf] k”0f{ nfe lng] xf] eg] gofF
ljZjJofkL jf:tljstfnfO{ u|x0f u/L tL s’/fx? ;f/f gful/sx?sf] nflu kx’Fr of]Uo
agfpg’ kb{5 . /fHosf] alnof] ;+/rgf x’g’kb{5, h’g p;sf] Ifdtf / kl/jt{gsf]
cfsf+Iff leq xf]; . To:tf] ;+/rgf h;n] pTkfbgsf] gofF :j?k, ;xeflutf, lzIff, /
zflGtk”0f{ ;x cl:tTjnfO{ cl3 a9fpg ;sf]; .

/fHon] To:tf cj:yfx? ;[hgf ug{
/ ;’b[9 ug{ ;Ifd x’g’kb{5, h;n] ;du| ljZjsf] ljsf;df g} ;a}eGbf k|efjsf/L
dfWodaf6 xftdf xft a9fP/ cl3 a9g ;lsof]; . t/ o;sf] nflu r’gf}tLx? cjZo 5g .
tLgnfO{ ;fdfgf ug{ o’lQmo’Qm OR5f, /fHosf ;a} lgsfox?df x/]s tx, ju{ / tKsfsf]
;dfj]zLs/0f, gofF vf]h / Jojxfl/s hutsf k’/ftgjfbL dfGotfx?nfO{ o’ufg’s’n
kl/jt{g ug'{ kb{5 . To;sf] Psdfq pkfo eg]sf] cfd gful/sx?df cfjZos cfTdljZjf;
ljsf; u/L ;/sf/df pgLx?sf] k|ltlglwTj u/fpg’ kb{5 . xfdL To:tf sfo{x? ug{ ta
dfq ;dIf x’g] 5f+,} ha ;a} gful/sx? /fi6«sf] ;fd’lxs ljsf;df c+lzof/ aGgnfO{
lbn}b]lv sl6j4 x’g]5f}+ . 55 ljZjsf] s’g} klg /fi6«n] gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf
dfGotfx?nfO{ gh/cGbfh u/]/ sbflk cl3 a9g ;Sg] l:ylt ca /x]g . elgG5, o;sf
sltko dfGotfx? s7f]/ / ljsl;t ;dfhsf] nflu dfq lkm6 x’g] vfnsf 5g . t/ o;df
b’O{ dt 5}g ls u/La, k5f}6] / cljsl;t d’n’ssf] nflu klg tL dfGotfx? k|]/0ffsf]
>f]t cjZo x’g]5g . yf}/} vr{df w]/} pknlJw g} of] gofF df]8nsf] s]Gb|Lo
ljifoj:t’ xf] . To:tf] p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ tl/sf, k|s[of / af6f]x? to ul/Psf] klg
5 . b]zsf] j:t’l:ylt;+u d]n vfg] u/L o; l;4fGtnfO{ c+uLsf/ ug{ cjZo ;lsG5 .
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf] cjwf/0ff leqofpg] k|of; ePtfklg
xftnfUbf] pknlJw / kl/0ffdsf] nflu nfd} ;do kv{g’ kg{] b]lvG5 .

hgcfGbf]ng b’O
kl5 :yflkt nf]stGqdf klg k|zf;g k|lt hgljZjf; cfh{g x’g ;ssf] 5}]g . k|ltj4tf,
of]Uotf, s’zntf, pQ/bfloTj / kf/blz{tf eGg] lrh ;’emfj k|ltj]bgdf ;hfP/
/flvPsf] 5 . k|zf;gdf s]Gb|Ls[t z}nL xfjL 5 . tNnf] txnfO{ ljZjf;df lng hflgPg
jf ;lsPg . ;”rgf / k|ljlwsf] pkef]u /fd|/L x’g ;s]sf] 5}g . sd{rf/Lx?df
gftfjfb, s[kfjfb, bf; dgf]j[QL , e|i6frf/, / rfs8L k|yf c? a9L km:6fpFbf] s|ddf
5 . ;/sf/ g} k”0f{ pQ/bfoL / lhDd]jf/Lk”j{s rNg ;s]sf] 5}g .
;+s|d0fsfnLg /fhgLlts clglZrttf, cfGtl/s ;Qf ;+3if{, czflGt / r/d ljs[lt /
ljjfbsf sf/0f /fHooGq g} c;kmntfsf] lbzfdf ws]lnPsf] x’Fbf g]kfndf gofF
;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog x’g ;s]sf] 5}g . of] cjwf/0ff d”ntM
ljsf;zLn d’n’ssf nflu j/bfg ;fljt x’g’kg]{ xf] . k/Dk/fut sfo{z}nLdf cfd’n
kl/jt{g u/]/ nIod’vL, ljsf;d’vL, nlrnf] ljQLo cg’zf;g, p2]Zod”ns Jojxf/af6
cl3 a9g] l;4fGt ePsf]n] o;sf] pkof]lutf ax’t} dxTjk”0f{ dflgPsf] xf] .
s]xL sdL sdhf]/L o;df /x]tf klg lghL If]qsf] Joaxfl/s k|of]uaf6 Hofb} ;kmn
7fg]/ ;fj{hlgs If]qdf kbfk0f{ ul/Psf] of] l;4fGtnfO{ s’g} xfntdf klg nfu”
ug}{ kb{5 .

k]zfut Ifdtf, ;/sf/L / lghL ;fem]bf/L, dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;,
glthfd”ns sfo{;Dkfbg, k|ToIf pQ/bfloTj, Joj:yfksLo nrstf, kl/0ffdd’vL,
k|efjsfl/tf, ;xefuLtfd”ns, ;]jfu|fxLd’vL, 5l/tf] / cTo’Qd ;/sf/,
ljs]Gb|Ls/0f, cfw’lgs ;”rgf k|ljlwdf hf]8, pkef]Qmfsf] /f]hfO{, dfgj ;|f]t
k/LIf0f, ahf/d’vL Joj:yfkg, uxg, sd vr{ / a9L pknlJw O{Toflbh:tf k|efjsf/L
tTjx? ;dfj]z ePsf] gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf u’0fx?nfO{ cjnDag ul/g’ ;’b[9 ljZj
cfly{s Joj:yfsf] nflu g} ckl/xfo{tf xf] . t;y{ o; l;4fGtnfO{ b[9tfk”j{s
nfu” ub}{ hfg’ vf;u/L cljsl;t /fi6«x?sf] cfhsf] cfjZostf klg xf] . ha;Dd
/fHon] ljkGg ju{ / lgd’vf hgtfx?x?sf] pGgtLsf] nflu 7f]; gLlt Pj+ sfo{s|d
th'{df ub}{g, ta;Dd b]zn] ljsf;sf] utL lnO{ sf]N6] km]g{ ;Qm}g . To;sf/0f gofF
;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cf–cfkmgf]
b]zsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts / /fhgLlts k[i7e”dLdf k|To]s /fi6«x?n]
u|x0f u/L nfu” ub}{ hfg’ kb{5 .

;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?

• 6]sgf/fo0f s’Fj/ k|zf;g, ;fj{hlgs
k|zf;g ;DaGwL klqsf jif{ #*, c+s #, k”0ff{Í !)^, Editors
Dennis A. Rondinelli and G. Shabbir Cheema (2002), Reinventing Government for
the Twenty-First Century,Bloomfield,USA • Madhu Raman Acharya (2002), Business
of Bureaucracy, Kathmandu • Nicholas Henary (2001), Public Administration and
Public Affairs, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi • Dr. Ken Afful (2000),
Management and Organization Behaviour, Ekata Books, Kathmandu
• 8f= eLdb]j e6[ -@)^)_, ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gsf] cfwf/e”t l;4fGt • lji0f’ ;’j]bL
-@)^)_, ;fj{hlgs k|zf;g tyf k|zf;sLo Joj:yfkg • ;kfbs Zofd s’df/ e6[/fO{ -@)^!_, gjLgtd
k|zf;lgs b[li6sf]0fx?, ;f]kfg dfl;s sf7df08f} • zf/bf k|;fb lqtfn -@)^!_, gofF ;fj{hlgs
Joj:yfkgM cjwf/0ff / k|of]u, • o’j/fh
kf08] -@)^!_, ;fj{hlgs k|zf;g / ;fj{hlgs sfo{ Joj:yfkg, ljBfyL{ k’:ts e08f/,
sf7df08f} • 4fl/sfgfy
9+’u]n, cRo’taxfb’/ /fhe08f/L -@)^)_, ;’zf;gsf cfofdx?, k|zf;g ;’wf/ cof]usf k|ltj]bgx?, sf7df08f} • afnuf]ljGb lji6 -@)^@_

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नयाँ सार्वजनिक व्यवस्थापन

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एक्स्क्लुसिभ स्टोरी

दुई दलाल संगठनहरु मिले, सेयर लगानीकर्तालाई घाटै घाटा, मर्जरको नियतमै प्रश्न (भिडियो विश्लेषण)

कुलमान हटाउने व्यवसायीको दाउ, घिसिङलाई देशको अर्थतन्त्रको चिन्ता (भिडियो विश्लेषण)

बुल भनेर ‘बाछो’ बनाउनेसँग EXCLUSIVE अन्तरवार्ता, नेप्सेले स्वीकार्यो झुट, लाखौँको भ्रष्टाचार ! (भिडियोसहित)

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